The RIO International Folklore Festival originated in 1980. Although it did not initially identify with the CIOFF festivals that exist today, the search for a moment in which cultural exchange could take place led the Grupo Folclórico de Barcelinhos to organise a folklore festival with the participation of groups from neighbouring Spain. Later, from 1989 onwards, it expanded to other countries and, in 2002, received the diploma of official recognition as a CIOFF festival.

Throughout its existence, the festival has welcomed representatives from all five continents. Around 200 foreign and national groups, representing more than 100 countries, have already performed on the main stage by the left bank of the Cávado River. The festival takes place annually around the last week of July. Over the course of approximately 10 days, participants have the opportunity to share with a wide audience various activities, especially dances and songs, gastronomy and handicrafts.